K factor stainless steel. 0) Pendent; Concealed Pendent;316 Stainless Steel, Steel, Brass and Monel® Alloy 400 construction Inline and angle patterns Wide variety of US Customary and SI ports Panel mountable 100% factory tested Optional color coded handles Specifications Pressure Ratings: 316 Stainless Steel: 5000 psig (345 bar) CWP Brass, Steel and Monel® Alloy 400: 3000 psig (207 bar) CWPNote 4: NFPA 13 requires that steel pipe used in a sprinkler or a standpipe system be either Schedule 10 or Schedule 40 pipe. K factor stainless steel

 
0) Pendent; Concealed Pendent;316 Stainless Steel, Steel, Brass and Monel® Alloy 400 construction Inline and angle patterns Wide variety of US Customary and SI ports Panel mountable 100% factory tested Optional color coded handles Specifications Pressure Ratings: 316 Stainless Steel: 5000 psig (345 bar) CWP Brass, Steel and Monel® Alloy 400: 3000 psig (207 bar) CWPNote 4: NFPA 13 requires that steel pipe used in a sprinkler or a standpipe system be either Schedule 10 or Schedule 40 pipeK factor stainless steel  This article discusses the properties and applications of stainless steel grade 304 (UNS S30400)

6 times the aluminum plate. e. 93 1. factor in service. Choose the appropriate sheet metal gauge table. The value of μ s is generally higher than the value of μ k for a given combination of materials. We will assume a turbulent flow and k s = 1mm (concrete). (Learn proper lubrication techniques in our Level 1 course — now available free. The required tonnage is often prohibitive. Next we simply need to choose the specified gauge of 10. To work the following formula, you need to convert the inside bend radius and material thickness measurements from inches to millimeters. Hazen-Williams coefficients are used in the Hazen-Williams equation calculate friction loss in ducts and pipes. 17. Minimum spacing is for lateral distance between sprinklers located along a single wall. 20: Lubricated: 0. The most common grade of austenitic stainless steel is 304 (1. Stainless steel grade 430 is a non-hardenable steel containing straight chromium, and belongs to the ferritic group of steels. 0. g. Bending Allowance = A*π/180* (R+K*T) BA – Bend Allowance. AISI 316L stainless steel is a modified ultra-low carbon Cr-Ni-Mo series austenitic stainless steel based on AISI 316. 166: S-440-X: 4-40. 6 (80), 8. Water - Thermal Conductivity vs. Bolting torque to develop 50% Bolt Yield Stress at Nut Factor, K=0. Turbine Wheel (Double-Flow) Meter. Steel pipe with other pipe wall thick-nesses are permitted to be used when the pipe is specially listed. Bulletin 038. A common example of this is austenitic stainless steel/ferritic steel pipe butt joints used in energy-conversion plants. 13 - Stainless steel Martensitic, Quenched & Tempered: 1875: 272: 0. 286 lb/in3), melting point is 1400-1450 °C (2550-2650 °F), thermal conductivity is 16. μ = Ff / Fn. less steel types are designated by the American Iron and Steel Institute as standard compositions. 81 m/s 2: Calculation. Bends w/Corrugated Inner Radius. Inside temperature in the exchanger is 100 o. Document. The nut factor, K, sums up the combined effects of many variables affecting. Multiple escutcheon options allow up to 1/2-inch (12,7-mm. The heat transfer convection coefficient for air is 50 W/m 2 K . This table contains typical values of absolute roughness for common construction materials. Sheet Metal Bend Allowance Chart (PDF) Sheet Metal Bend Allowance Chart (Excel) BEND ALLOWANCE; 8 Gauge: 10 Gauge: 12 Gauge: 14 Gauge: 16 Gauge: 18 Gauge: 20 Gauge: 22 Gauge: 24 Gauge: K factor: 0. 15 : Parent topic: Engineer’s Reference. 5 in, wall thickness 0. 032 0. Always verify product details with the technical data sheet and consult. The following datasheet gives more details about grade 317 stainless steel. 64 x 19. Riveted steel (new) 0. Or the inside radius of the dimple plus 3 times material thickness. 33 K factor 0. A typical uncertainty in the roughness values can be assumed to be in the range ± − 30 -50 %. S. The friction loss for each bend is: Δ p f f = ζ x 1 2 ρ w x 2 = 673. Portuguese / português. View Product. Stainless Steel, type 316 (17 Cr - 12 Ni - 2 Mo) 16: Stainless Steel, type 304 (18 Cr - 8 Ni) 16: Titanium: 19: Thermal Conductivity - Unit Converter; Metals and their Melting Temperatures; Sponsored Links Related Topics Thermodynamics Work, heat and energy systems. To enhance its properties, alloying elements can be added to steel. Step 6 Calculate the entire friction loss for the pipe including the fittings in this case only 90° bends but normally it also includes valves, reducers, equipment etc. Insert the convective heat transfer coefficient for inner surface, h i = 10 W/m 2 ⋅ K. Our favorite metal for durable and decorative parts. Land Angle: Positive. In a part, click Insert > Sheet Metal > Bend Table > New. 33 K factor 0. The centerline of the sprinkler waterway is located 7/16 in. Our emphasis is on steel, iron alloys and materials related to steelmaking and the processing of steel, such as refractories and slags. 33 K factor 0. A com­ plete listing of all AISI stainless steels and a description of each are contained in the AISI publica­ tion, "Steel Products Manual -Stainless and Heat-Resisting Steels, December 197 4. [/su_accordion] The Darcy friction factor is a dimensionless quantity used in the Darcy–Weisbach equation, for the description of frictional losses in pipe or duct as well as for open-channel flow. It contains at least 10. 141). Note: TYCO series TY-L 8. German / Deutsch. 10 0. The bending tool has a radius of 30 mm which means that our Inside Bend Radius (R) is 30 mm. 20 4 0. R-values are additive. Although, measurement variations by an order of 10-1 have been observed, the. 33At room temperature, Grade 316 stainless steel also exhibits the following set of properties: Density 99 g/cm 3. 079 0. 11 to 0. This is a decently conservative approach that will likely satisfy the majority of. The range of Machinability is vast and spans from about 40% for difficult to machine steels, such as bearing steel ( SAE 52100 / DIN 100Cr6) up to Ledloy free-cutting steel (SAE 12L14 / DIN 9SMnPb36) that has a machinability rate of about 170%. ) Tightening Torque Clamp Load (lbs. This name refers to the average composition, 18% chromium and 8% nickel. BA = A 360 × 2π(R + K × Mt) B A = A 360 × 2 π ( R + K × M t) BA = Bend Allowance, A = Bend Angle, R = Internal Radius, K = K-factor. Stainless steel is the general name for a family of steels that are corrosion-resistant and contain a minimum of 10. The coefficient k is measured in watts per meter Kelvin (or degree) (W/mK). 0 : 0. Stainless Steel: 304ss, 316ss, 410ss. 1 - Stainless Steel Approved Escutcheons X - Standard surface-mounted escutcheons Footnotes 1. 16. We use cookies to enhance your experience. Connection Size. The inside depth of a dimple should be no more than the inside radius. NIKAL contains no graphite, which is a benefit on stainless steel applications when temperatures exceed 550°F, as graphite can carburize the steel causing the steel to become much more susceptible to intergranular corrosion. 05. 06 0. have also a data sheet from amada and the bend allowance is the same for each one , so that proves these figures correct. 33: K factor:. In materials science, fracture toughness is the critical stress intensity factor of a sharp crack where propagation of the crack suddenly becomes rapid and unlimited. OSSB = tan (bend angle ÷ 2) x (Ir + Mt) Recall that BA is the difference between the total formed dimensions and the flat dimensions. 1 very often which confuses me. Material. K = K-Factor, which is t / T. 0 K Factor) Technical Data Sheet. where T is the torque measurement, K is the nut factor, F is the tension and D is the bolt diameter. Steel: 90: 110 – Galvanized iron: 120: 120: Polyethylene: 140: 140: Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) 150: 150: Fibre-reinforced plastic (FRP) 150: 150:Sheet Metal Gauge Chart. 2% to 2. 4(30) for smooth wall semi-rigid tubing, in Table 402. 20: Zinc-Plated: 0. Note that for this example we consider a flat system, with no elevation changes. upright (ty3151) and pendent (ty3251) 5. 77CO 2 eq. Modulus of elasticity 193 GPa. UHMW. Sheet Metal Bending Calculator. R-value (thermal insulance factor) is a measure of thermal resistance. If a material is 0. Features a 3/4 inch NPT (20 mm BSPT) thread size and 8. 0. The nut factor, K, sums up the combined effects of many variables affecting. 25, it means that the neutral layer is located at 25% of the thickness of the part sheet metal material. 33 K factor 0. Choose the check mark to use a gauge table. For example, 9T10A1004 changes to 9T10S1004. So we bend a lot of mild steel. 4162 C2 (Low) Arid or low pollution (rural) 1. For steel members, a slenderness ratio below 50 can be considered “short”. Hot food in stainless steel containers. This means that the bent stainless tube often shows ‘wrinkles’ on the inner surface of the bend. A key factor here is the relatively low Hall–Petch slope of this. 5% and allowable stress 16000 psi - can with quality factor E for steel 0. The K-Factor is used to calculate both the position of the Neutral Axis and the amount of material that must be removed in order to achieve the desired flat pattern. For 18- and 20-ga. Above all, it becomes essential to make sure that you’re shopping for it from an eligible fabricator. NPT sprinkler joint should be obtained with a torque ofThe “K” factor variation ranging from 0. The K-factor for stainless steel (AISI 316) is indeed smaller than the value for AISI 304 small. Capacities in thousands of Btu per hour of undiluted liquefied petroleum gases based on a pressure drop of 0. 2. I have tried it today and it doesn't seem to give exactly the result I was expecting. 3 applications in excess of the 500psi (34. 1 A36 Steel 3/8” less than 60 53. Please note that because of the variation in roughness in these materials depending on the source, the roughness values reported here have uncertainties ranging from ± 20 % for new wrought Iron to ± 70 % for riveted steel. 3. The constant volume law. Seat: Copper UNS-C11000 and Stainless Steel UNS-S30400 Belleville Spring Sealing Assembly: Nickel Alloy, coated on both sides with PTFE Tape Compression Screw: Stainless Steel. Henkel’s food grade anti-seize lubricants feature temperature. Look up the steel's density. 0015 10 -3 (m) , hydraulic diameter d h = 0. K-factor= [Multiplier × (Inside Radius/Material Thickness)] + Minimum K-factor. Our Passivation and Pickling services include the following main processes: Stainless steel pickling, stainless steel passivation, and carbon steel pickling. 16: Miscellaneous Data: Applied Load: Tensile: lb?Nominal K-factor: 25. 21: 14 - Stainless steel Austenitic: 2150: 312: 0. Traditionally, the wear of materials has been characterized by weight loss and wear rate. 3 Thermal Conductivity. You just have to insert the characteristics of the sheet metal to be bent. 33: K factor:. Various K Factors: Typical Steel Bolt: 0. It offers good corrosion protection, under high loads, over a wide temperature range. 22. I. This article discusses the properties and applications of stainless steel grade 304 (UNS S30400). 4(32) for corrugated stainless steel tubing, and. You use a gauge table and bend table in one table. HIGH QUALITY STAINLESS STEEL FABRICATION. (363 metric*) * Metric K-factor measurement shown is in bar. An average and commonly used value for the K-factor is 0. The K factor is directly related to how much material is stretched during the bend. To help you begin I’ve included a K-Factor Chart below which contains common K-Factor starting points, good for general fabrication, for steel, aluminum and stainless steel. 001. 83 @ 1000ºF. First, we choose the option to use a gauge table. where. 15 K = 0. 5) K 11. Calculate Thermal Pipe Expansion. The below Excel chart is for even-numbered material gauges 8 through 22 and has a default K-Factor of . Choose Installation Type. Thermal Conductivity - k - is used in the Fourier's equation. T = K×F×D. For exact calculations - always check manufacturing data. 20 Ecoguard K = 0. Multiply the volume with density to get the 12 mm steel weight:300 K vacuum vessels but care must be taken that breaks. The tables below can be used to estimate friction loss or pressure drop for water flowing through ASME/ANSI B36. The general rule here is this: The softer the material, the tighter the inside radius. For the completely rough regime, the value of Β' is equal a constant of 8. It is the thermal resistance of unit area of a material. 50. 4 77. The diagram below indicates friction loss for water flow through ASME/ANSI B36. 1 mm). The K-factor is calculated based on value ranges and is used to determine the following: Tube bending feasibility (whether it is in fact possible to bend a round,. The density of stainless steel 304 is 7. 72 *10-6/K 16. Choose the appropriate sheet metal gauge table. ISBN: 978-0-87170-503-7. 2, k u, θ = σ u, θ / σ u), a factor k 2 %, θ (denoted g 2, θ the in the Euro Inox/SCI Design Manual [16]) used to determine the elevated temperature. A – bend angle in deg. AISI 316 Stainless Steel (UNS S31600) AISI 316 stainless steel (UNS S31600) is the second most commonly used austenitic stainless steel. For 4 or 5 inches Insulation: multiply by 0. Thermal Conductivity - k - is the quantity of heat transmitted due to an unit temperature gradient, in unit time under steady conditions in a direction normal to a surface of the unit area. The only study available in the literature for the SCFs of SST joints is by Feng and Young [9], who examined the SCFs of stainless steel SHS and rectangular hollow section (RHS) tubular X-joints. The basic raw materials are coal, iron ore, limestone and various chemicals. After bending the sheet, insert the inner radius, and. Where available, full property information can be viewed for materials including chemical composition, mechanical properties, physical properties, advanced property. ) F = target preload (lb) NOTE: do not confuse this with bolt yield point or yield strength. 27 *10 /K 17. These are 304 SS material. K Factor: 5. Contains molybdenum which increases corrosion resistance to chlorides and phosphates. The alloy resists oxidation to 1500°F (816°C) and has higher creep and stress rupture properties than alloys 304 and 304L. k = 0. Hazen-Williams Friction Factor (C) Pipe Material Values for C Range High/Low Average Value Typical Design Value Plastic, PVC, Polyethylene pipe or tubing 160/150 150-155 150 Cement or mastic lined iron or steel pipe 160/130 148 140 Copper, brass, lead, tin or glass pipe or tubing 150/120 140 130 Wood Stave 145/110 120 110Use of alloy 2507 super duplex stainless steel at temperatures above 482°F (250°C) causes microstructural changes that lead to embrittlement and loss of corrosion resistance. 09–0. 6 8. 304 Stainless Steel. ANTI-SEIZE Stainless does not contain copper and exhibits extremely low sulphur and chlorine. 20 Ecoguard K = 0. Italian / italiano. To calculate K-factor: Enter the material thickness, T = 1 mm. 6 (8. *The TYCO Series TY-L 5. Assume a. The spring bacK-Factor, commonly denoted by Ks, is the relation between the initial and final angles. 4 be calculated asThe equation for Darcy friction factor is given below, Hf = 4fLv2/2gD. The constant volume law governs the bending process, the bend material particles distribution, and deformation types are also crucial for this process. r = k / d h (1) where. W. ASM Specialty Handbook - Stainless Steel - J. The Math /. The conversion factor k was chosen so that the values for C were the same as in the Chézy formula for the typical hydraulic slope of S=0. They are classified into martensitic, austenitic, and ferritic steels based on their crystalline structure. 0 K-factor. Several points here. 5°. 5–1°. Table 8: Sample Torque Calculation with varying K Factor. 15 K = 0. 2. A = bend angle in degrees (the angle through which the material is bent)In this section, all available elevated temperature material test results on stainless steel alloys are analysed in order to obtain accurate strength reduction factors (k 0. With the K-factor, the BA is equal to the following: BA = { [ (π ÷ 180) x Ir] + [ (π ÷ 180) x K-factor] x Mt} And the metal sheet has a thickness T = 5 mm T = 5\ \text{mm} T = 5 mm and K-factor K = 0. We deduce then the friction factor, the Chézy coefficient and the mean flow velocity (Chézy equation). Churchill Friction Factor Formulae and. 15 Material Iron metal Steel Steel kg 1. 4 in3/min. The FTB4800 provides a wide range flow metering in a stainless steel package. To find the thermal resistance and overall heat transfer coefficient: Select the mode of heat transfer, conduction and convection (on both sides). Fn for stainless steel spring steel is approx. Stainless steel components extend the life of the sprinkler by resisting corrosion from cleaning agents used in commercial food production environments. We have already agreed that the K-Factor will be constant at 0. K – constant. Can someone explain how to properly setup and use a k-factor based bend table. Fluid Velocity: 3 m/s: Fluid Density: 1000 kg/m 3: Friction Factor: 0. 40 Thickness to 3 × thickness: 0. Other guidelines to remember when the processing draw reductions are:Thread Coeff friction Preload (Kn) property class Tightening torque (Nm) property class Min. 1 ~ 1. 3 kg/m (62. 8 Bare Steel with Guide Point; DIN 7984-8. The indicated residual pressures are based on the nominal K-factor. 7 6061-T6 Aluminum 1/2" between 60-65 41. 3 - 1. while stainless steel plates can. 012". 33 K factor 0. The calculations referenced in Paragraph 304. Step 1: Choose Meter Type. More info. Carbon steel in a broader sense sometimes. Bend Deduction Chart K factor 0. For TMT steel bars, it is 7850 kg/m3. Copper, Ductile Iron, Carbon Steel, Stainless Steel and Aluminum Piping Materials - Temperature Expansion Thermal expansion of typical piping materials. kFactor iProperties. Specifying a Gasket Size for the Flange System 94 2. Rake Angle: 9° -11°. Since the friction coefficient - λ - is on both sides of the equation, it must be solved by iteration. 33 K factor 0. Stainless steel sprinkler joins Viking’s wide selection of corrosion resistant sprinkler options including “Electroless Nickel PTFE” (ENT) plated sprinklers, which are available throughout a significant portion of the Viking sprinkler product line. Although, reliable sources (mentioned at the reference section) has been used for compiling the above COF table but still the values shown are approximate only. Just follow these simple steps and it will spit out a K-factor for you to input into your CAD tool. What K Factor. 125 and a K-factor of . K-Factor. Some of the many variables causing problems are. 5 to 16. 1 mm can be made in polypropylene PP, aluminum or stainless steel. 70 *10-6/K. Design Gasket Factors 96. Loctite 242 is a lubricant. 5% Ni, and also known as 18-8 stainless steel. & Yu, W. 4301). The main factor causing pitting corrosion is the breakdown of the passivity layer (i. Engineering Materials. F1FR-SS Series Stainless Steel Sprinklers. The lowest expansion is found in the iron-nickel alloys such as Invar. 1. An average and commonly used value for the K-factor is 0. It contains 11% chromium which is the minimum amount for the formation of the passive surface film which gives stainless steels their corrosion resistance. The coefficient of friction between the bolthead (or nut) and its mating surface. A premium formulation for a wide variety of applications over a wide temperature range. Due to the addition of Molybdenum (Mo), SS 316 has a great improvement in corrosion resistance and certain properties compared to SS304. 0 lb/ft. It is a function of the materials' frictional characteristics, which are based on surface finish, coatings and so on. Sheet metal thickness is denoted by gauge, sometimes spelled gage, which indicates a standard thickness before processing. itic stainless steel that is molybdenum alloyed for enhanced corrosion resistance in chloride environments. Wrench. These are 304 SS material. Ideal to use in areas with high exposer to. Coefficients of friction between materials are best determined through. 15 and the coefficient of kinetic friction is around 0. 15 K = 0. What is Carbon Steel? Consisting mainly of iron and up to 2. stainless steel with good general corrosion resistance. The tool can calculate the required bending force for bending aluminum, stainless steel, mild steel, and Weldox® or Strenx® high-strength steels. . 10 ±10% (Actual Value Printed on Each Package) Gage Factor Tolerance Per Package 1. Linear thermal expansion for some common metals: Metals - Temperature Expansion Coefficients. Jul 27, 2018. Stainless steel 304 has good resistance to oxidation in intermittent service up to 870°C and in continuous service to 925°C. The K-factor is used to determine the length of the metal plate stretched during the bending process. Fill in the. 2. The above Table is applicable only for ASTM A320 Grade B8, Class 2 and A193 Grade B8, Class 2 Stud Bolts. 76 · 10 4 so that CR is in [mm/y], m loss is the mass loss [g] of the metal (m 0 − m f) in time t [hours], A is the surface area of the material exposed [cm 2], and ρ is the density of the material [g/cm 3] (ASTM, 2012; Kreysa & Schütze, Reference Kreysa and Schütze 2007; Kutz, Reference Kutz 2005). Note: Don’t confuse K-Factor with low coefficient of friction, which is not used for this calculation. . If you get a message that says inserting a bend table may cause the developed length of the flat pattern to change, click Yes. 2 (16. Configure the press or other folding tool with your desired tooling and make a 90 degree fold on the bend line. Dry Torque) Partially Lubricated Bolts; Properly Lubricated Bolts; But before we talk about these items, or get to our torque chart, it is imperative you understand the working definition of K-Factor (or “Nut Factor”). Tables for pipe roughness and kinematic viscosity are also included. Factor 1 sensors are readily available in stainless steel versions rated up to IP69K for high pressure and temperature washdown, so it is likely a version will be available to fit most applications. ComponentDefinition kFac = oCompDef. In determining horsepower consumption, “K” factors must be used. Steel Grades; Steel Pipes; Cast Iron; Ductile Iron; Polyethylene Plastic; Polyurethane Plastic; Stainless Steel. 237 in, thickness tolerance 12. 3. 17 . 1 mm) and 24 mass% Cr-content stainless steel (24CrSS, t = 0. Bending aluminium is even more complex, since aluminium is less ductile than steel. M Faires). , and Giarratano, P. Grade 2 Titanium. 01. F f = μ N (1). 81 m/s 2] The value of the friction factor is dependent on the Reynolds number, the shape of the pipe, and the roughness of the pipe walls. Where, Hf = Pressure loss or head loss. The relationship between heat and temperature change is usually expressed in the form. Spanish / español. It aids the determination of the exact materials required before trimming portions of the sheet metal and is also useful. SI unit: W/m·K or W/m·°C; Imperial unit: Btu/ft·h·°F; Thermal Conductivity of Stainless Steel. 4016 is a very popular and versatile grade of stainless steel. The Bend allowance is the dimensional amount added to a part through elongation during the bending process. Cut a blank to a specific length (say 100mm) and measure it as accurately as possible. For 2 or 3 inches Insulation: multiply by 0. When pressure is measured in kPa, divide the metric K-factor shown by 10. g. R – inside bend radius in m. 0. Our food grade anti-seize lubricants are designed to prevent friction, seizing, and galling in stainless steel and other metal parts within food processing machinery. Similarly, if it is. K1 proximity sensors provide consistent sensing ranges for many metal target materials — and good value when evaluating cost versus sensing distance. Calculate the effective length as: Leff = K × L. 5, leading to a K-Factor of approximately . 0 (11. 35 K = 0. It appears that stainless steel bolts can be applied in aluminium slip resistant connections, but a larger partial safety factor than standards currently prescribe is required for the slip. The S-N curve indicates the sum of the load changes that can be endured until a material is fractured. The maximum temperature increase relative to the environment inside the enclosure can be determined from the following equation: (Ti-Tu) = Qv / (k*A) Where:The results demonstrate that, generally, Nitinol K wires have a shorter life for the same applied stress than the stainless steel or titanium wires. Stainless Steel 316 . . The recommended binder pressure for round draws of low-carbon draw-quality steel is 600 pounds per lineal inch around the post (draw post diameter x 3. Achieving Proper Bolt Torque: An Introduction to K-Factor. 73-Rubber (60 A Belt) Tool Steel . 5% chromium and no more than 1. 2 in. For example, the UL Listing is based on the requirements of NFPA 13, and the FM Approval isYou can easily modify the Material Thickness, Inside Radius and K-Factor for each thickness at the top of each column. 95) Other K-factors can be provided as optional withoutThe strain hardening exponent (also called the strain hardening index), usually denoted , a constant often used in calculations relating to stress–strain behavior in work hardening. The diagram below indicates friction loss for water flow through ASME/ANSI B36. The table at. Simple gauge tables have K-Factor, gauge values, gauge thicknesses, and available radii. Concrete (Dry) Rubber. You’ve found the k-factor. The K-factor can also be used to calculate bending allowance and bending deduction. As an example, a 0. Austenite-martensitic steel, also known as austenitic-maraging stainless steel, is. 1'' In addition to the standard AISIThe spring constant of each short wire is larger by a factor of 10. If a K-factor is 0. 3 depending on the raw material. K factor synonyms, K factor pronunciation, K factor translation, English dictionary definition of K factor. Davis. 001 ft. v = Velocity of the incompressible fluid. 0 Nominal K Factor S. 10/19 schedule 40 steel pipes. If possible could someone share a copy of their gauge. Stainless Steel 404. These market insights include five-year forecasts of production, consumption, and prices.